托福閱讀童子功，幾招搞定閱讀指代題

　　托福閱讀指代題考查辨認(rèn)文中單詞或詞組之間指代關(guān)系的能力。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，這類關(guān)系涉及代詞與先行詞之間的關(guān)系，有時(shí)也涉及關(guān)系代詞，如 which的指代。

 

　　文中被考的代詞或詞組加了陰影 (highlighted)。雖然4個(gè)選項(xiàng)都來(lái)自原文，但是只有一個(gè)是代詞的真正指代對(duì)象。常考的代詞有they, this, it, others, which 等。問(wèn)題形式為：The word (or phase) X in the passage refers to.

 

 

　　做題技巧：前往搜索，代入驗(yàn)證

 

 

　　初步判斷

　　1. 主從復(fù)合句中的指代

　　在主從復(fù)合句中，第二句的代詞主語(yǔ)經(jīng)常指代靠前句的名詞主語(yǔ)（有時(shí)是賓語(yǔ)），表示話題的延續(xù)。

 

　　例如：

　　College students asked to predict their own future compared to that of their classmates believed, on average, that theywere more likely graduate higher in their class, get a better job, earn a higher salary, have a happier marriage, and bear a gifted child.

 

　　The word “they” in line 2 refers to

　　A. students

　　B. classmates

　　C. future

　　D. Salary

 

　　從句 that they...中的代詞主語(yǔ) they 指代主語(yǔ)的名詞主語(yǔ) college students，因此靠前個(gè)選項(xiàng)正確。

 

　　2. 并列動(dòng)詞中的指代

　　如果一個(gè)句子中有兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞，第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞的代詞賓語(yǔ)經(jīng)常指代前一個(gè)動(dòng)詞后的名詞賓語(yǔ)。

 

　　例如：

　　Artists perceive the distinction between public and private spaces, and take that into consideration when carrying out their public commissions.

　　The word “that” refers to

　　A. Space

　　B. audience

　　C. distinction

　　D. commission

 

　　句子中兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞是 perceive 和 take (into consideration)，其中 perceive 的賓語(yǔ)是 distinction，而 take 的賓語(yǔ)是that。根據(jù)上面所說(shuō)的技巧，that 指代 distinction，答案是C。

 

　　3. 所有格的指代

　　所有格代詞經(jīng)常指代其前面與其最靠近的名詞。

 

　　例如：

　　Folk-made objects are replaced be their popular equivalent, often because the popular item is more quickly or cheaply manufactured, is easier to use, or endows the owner with greater prestige.

 

　　The word “their” refers to

　　A. nation

　　B. subjects

　　C. folk

　　D. objects

 

　　根據(jù)所有格的指代的做題技巧，their 指代前面位置最靠近的名詞 objects，因此D正確。

 

　　4. 關(guān)系代詞的指代

　　關(guān)系代詞通常指代從句的先行詞，如of which..., in which..., from which...等結(jié)構(gòu)中的which都指代先行詞。

 

　　例如：

　　When growing on rock surfaces, lichens secrete acids that dissolve the minerals, contributing to the process of weathering by which rocks are slowly turned to soil.

 

　　The word “which” in the passage refers to

　　A. the process of weathering

　　B. growing on rock surfaces

　　C. dissolving the minerals

　　D. being turned to soil

　　關(guān)系代詞 which 指代先行詞the process of weathering，A正確。

 

　　代入驗(yàn)證

　　在根據(jù)上面所說(shuō)的各種情況作出判斷之后，代入原文驗(yàn)證，看語(yǔ)義、邏輯和語(yǔ)法是否通順，如果通順就是正確答案。

 

　　簡(jiǎn)單幾步，托福閱讀中的指代題就可以輕松的解決啦~如果你還有其他疑問(wèn)，不妨來(lái)新航道托?？荚囶l道找找看呦~