雅思閱讀細節(jié)題解題要旨

暑假來臨，各位同學要抓住暑假這段時間，制定合理的學習計劃，提升自己的學習水平，暑假是學習和提分的好時間，今天小編為大家?guī)淼氖茄潘奸喿x細節(jié)題解題要旨，希望可以幫到各位同學和家長。

很多同學都反應說，雅思閱讀細節(jié)信息匹配題比較難做，甚至有同學在考試中對這一題型的匹配度不是很高，今天新航道教育就跟大家分享一下這一類型的匹配題該怎么做，首先來看一下，這一題型具體長什么樣子，先來看一個例子：

Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A-G.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.

NB    You may use any letter more than once.

14  a cost involved in purifying domestic water

15  the stages in the development of the farming industry

16  the term used to describe hidden costs

17  one effect of chemicals on water sources

這道題沒有給大家選項，只給了四個信息，需要同學們把這四個信息跟段落做一個匹配。這就是細節(jié)信息匹配的樣式。

在了解了這個題的具體類型以后，接下來看看這個題的解題思路：

1.出題思路—主旨？細節(jié)？  

大家先思考一下這個題的出題思路是什么，是偏主旨還是偏細節(jié)？

匹配題的特點就是題目都是不按照文章順序出的，簡單扼要的說就是兩個字：亂序。而細節(jié)匹配題除了亂序的特點之外，還有同義替換程度高，以及沒有辦法像其他匹配題一樣擁有選項來幫助我們縮小題目尋找范圍等的特點。所以這個題型毫無疑問就成為雅思閱讀題中最難的一類了。

2.解題思路：主旨！細節(jié)！

其實這個題從核心本質(zhì)上來看可以用一個主旨題的做法來解答。那怎么利用一個文章的主旨來做一個如此細節(jié)題目呢？

作為主旨題做：

文章的結(jié)構(gòu)——前 中 后：分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)與中文一樣，英文類的文章結(jié)構(gòu)一般在開始的時候都會做一下鋪墊，來引入話題，中間就會是文章最核心的部分，也就是文章的高潮，在最后文章會做一個結(jié)論、瞻望未來等。確定了文章結(jié)構(gòu)，再讀段落的首句來確定題目位置。

段落大意——段落標題匹配：根據(jù)段落大意來預測題目會出現(xiàn)在哪一段。

作為細節(jié)題做：

情況1：如果文章的結(jié)構(gòu)或者是段落大意不明晰的時候可以用此方法。

情況2：段落細節(jié)信息匹配題與標準信息類別匹配題放在一起考的時候。

例題實戰(zhàn)

A For more than forty years the cost of food has been rising. It has now reached a point where a growing number of people believe that it is far too high, and that bringing it down will be one of the great challenges of the twenty first century. That cost, however, is not in immediate cash. In the west at least, most food is now far cheaper to buy in relative terms than it was in 1960. The cost is in the collateral damage of the very methods of food production that have made the food cheaper: in the pollution of water, the enervation of soil, the destruction of wildlife, the harm to animal welfare and the threat to human health caused by modern industrial agriculture.

B  First mechanisation, then mass use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides, then monocultures, then battery rearing of livestock, and now genetic engineering - the onward march of intensive farming has seemed unstoppable in the last half-century, as the yields of produce have soared. But the damage it has caused has been colossal. In Britain, for example, many of our best-loved farmland birds, such as the skylark, the grey partridge, the lapwing and the corn bunting, have vanished from huge stretches of countryside, as have even more wild flowers and insects. This is a direct result of the way we have produced our food in the last four decades. Thousands of miles of hedgerows, thousands of ponds, have disappeared from the landscape. The faecal filth of salmon farming has driven wild salmon from many of the sea lochs and rivers of Scotland. Natural soil fertility is dropping in many areas because of continuous industrial fertiliser and pesticide use, while the growth of algae is increasing in lakes because of the fertiliser run-off.

C Put it all together and it looks like a battlefield, but consumers rarely make the connection at the dinner table. That is mainly because the costs of all this damage are what economists refer to as externalities: they are outside the main transaction, which is for example producing and selling a field of wheat, and are borne directly by neither producers nor consumers. To many, the costs may not even appear to be financial at all, but merely aesthetic - a terrible shame, but nothing to do with money. And anyway they, as consumers of food, certainly aren't paying for it, are they?

D But the costs to society can actually be quantified and, when added up, can amount to staggering sums. A remarkable exercise in doing this has been carried out by one of the world's leading thinkers on the future of agriculture, Professor Jules Pretty, Director of the Centre for Environment and Society at the University of Essex. Professor Pretty and his colleagues calculated the externalities of British agriculture for one particular year. They added up the costs of repairing the damage it caused, and came up with a total figure of 2,343m. This is equivalent to 208 for every hectare of arable land and permanent pasture, almost as much again as the total government and EU spend on British farming in that year. And according to Professor Pretty, it was a conservative estimate.

E The costs included: 120m for removal of pesticides; 16m for removal of nitrates; 55m for removal of phosphates and soil; 23m for the removal of the bug cryptosporidium from drinking water by water companies; 125m for damage to wildlife habitats, hedgerows and dry stone walls; 1,113m from emissions of gases likely to contribute to climate change; 106m from soil erosion and organic carbon losses; 169m from food poisoning; and 607m from cattle disease. Professor Pretty draws a simple but memorable conclusion from all this: our food bills are actually threefold. We are paying for our supposedly cheaper food in three separate ways: once over the counter, secondly through our taxes, which provide the enormous subsidies propping up modern intensive farming, and thirdly to clean up the mess that modern farming leaves behind.

F So can the true cost of food be brought down? Breaking away from industrial agriculture as the solution to hunger may be very hard for some countries, but in Britain, where the immediate need to supply food is less urgent, and the costs and the damage of intensive farming have been clearly seen, it may be more feasible. The government needs to create sustainable, competitive and diverse farming and food sectors, which will contribute to a thriving and sustainable rural economy, and advance environmental, economic, health, and animal welfare goals.

G  But if industrial agriculture is to be replaced, what is a viable alternative? Professor Pretty feels that organic farming would be too big a jump in thinking and in practices for many farmers. Furthermore, the price premium would put the produce out of reach of many poorer consumers. He is recommending the immediate introduction of a ‘Greener Food Standard', which would push the market towards more sustainable environmental practices than the current norm, while not requiring the full commitment to organic production. Such a standard would comprise agreed practices for different kinds of farming, covering agrochemical use, soil health, land management, water and energy use, food safety and animal health. It could go a long way, he says, to shifting consumers as well as farmers towards a more sustainable system of agriculture.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.

NB   You may use any letter more than once.

14 a cost involved in purifying domestic water

15 the stages in the development of the farming industry

16  the term used to describe hidden costs

17 one effect of chemicals on water sources

這是一個議論型的文章，根據(jù)前面提到的出題思路和解題思路，基本上可以確定文章核心的部分開始于C段、D段，C段首句用了一個指代，說明是在與前文做聯(lián)系，最后一句是一個反問，有承上啟下的作用，D段首句有一個強轉(zhuǎn)折。再通過分析我們可以知道文章的結(jié)構(gòu)是A、B段是背景 ，C段是過渡 ，D、E段真正代價的總說分說，F、G段是對解決這個問題的考慮。了解了文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，接下來做題的時候就方便很多。

14：E段首句是：“The costs included…”，答案定位在E段

15：說農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的問題，在講背景，定位到A和B段

16、17題的做題方法相似，同學們可以自己做一下。

新航道石家莊學校2020年暑假班報名火熱招生中，停課不停學，線上課程優(yōu)惠政策，現(xiàn)在咨詢可以進行在線試聽課程，還附贈班課雙倍課時，定制套餐特惠，享受雙倍服務，網(wǎng)約免費領取1000元學習大禮包，還不快快行動起來?。。。。。?/span>